On March 12, 1986, Jeffrey T. Kiehl interviewed Walter M. Elsasser for the American Meteorological Society's Tape Recorded Interview Project. Elsasser reflects on his extensive career spanning physics and atmospheric sciences, detailing his early education in Germany, where he obtained a PhD in 1927, and his transition to the United States. He discusses his initial work in high-energy particle physics and subsequent shift to geophysics, a field he pursued after being advised by renowned figures like A.H.

Kim McKown works (now retired)  for the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation, where she is the leader of the Marine Invertebrates and Protected Resources Unit. She has decades of experience with the NYDEC, and in 2003, shortly after the Long Island Sound lobster die-off, Kim was tasked with overseeing lobster management for the department. For five years she conducted lobster surveys in Western Long Island Sound, as well as worked alongside the Atlantic States Marine Fisheries Commission to assess changes in lobster populations.

Donald J. (DJ) King is a lobsterman, fisherman, shellfish, and seaweed farmer living in Branford, Connecticut. He grew up in Branford and his father was in the truck transportation business. He got involved in the family business alongside fishing. In 1969, at the age of 10, his father introduced lobster fishing to him. DJ started with a small boat, where he did not have any devices to catch the lobsters in shallow water. At the age of 12, he made $ 300 by selling lobsters for an Italian wedding.

On October 11, 1989, Joseph Tribbia and Phillip D. Thompson interviewed Arnt Eliassen for the American Meteorological Society’s Tape Recorded Interview Project at Thompson’s residence. Eliassen recounts his early influences in meteorology, starting with seminars led by Vilhelm Bjerknes in 1938 that sparked his interest in the field, and his subsequent studies under Halvor Solberg. He details his academic path, including completing his master’s degree in 1941 during the German occupation of Norway.

On May 9, 2005, Robert Seraphin interviewed Richard Carbone for the archives of the American Meteorological Society at the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) in Boulder, Colorado. In this interview, Carbone reflects on his early life, education, and professional journey in meteorology. He discusses his upbringing in Norwalk, Connecticut, and his passion for baseball, including a near-recruitment experience by the Philadelphia Phillies.

Paul Schreffler was born on July 28, 1951, in central Pennsylvania. His early life was marked by the death of his father when he was 20 months old, leading his family to relocate to Blairsville, Pennsylvania, near Pittsburgh. He moved to Buffalo, New York, during his second-grade year after his mother remarried. Schreffler was a diligent student, earning a scholarship to the University of Buffalo, where he majored in music, studying under notable instructors such as Charlie Mingus.

Tor Bendiksen discusses what it’s like to be involved in a family-owned business that manufactures fishing gear such as nets and trawls for commercial fishermen. He made his first fishing trip at the age of thirteen aboard his father’s trawler. He understands from first-hand experience how fishing gear works and the needs of his customers. He discusses how fishing regulations have evolved from when he first stated fishing to what they are today. The regulations have a tremendous impact on how he designs his custom fishing gear.

In this interview, Paul Anthony gives a rich description of the fuel delivery industry on the New Bedford waterfront. He discusses the process of fueling a fishing boat, how payment works, fluctuations in fuel pricing, and the relationships between dockworkers.

This oral history was produced in 2017 as part of the Workers on the Waterfront Oral History Project conducted by New Bedford Fishing Heritage Center with funding from an Archie Green Fellowship provided by the Library of Congress.

The son of a scalloper, Mark was introduced to the waterfront early. Not knowing what he wanted to do as a career after graduating from high school, he started buying and selling fish.  Eventually, he and his partner worked their way up from nothing to buying Bergies.  He discusses the changes in the business from when he started, especially the harsh realities of today that are a consequence of strict regulations (so fewer fish being landed) and changes in technology that has taken the jobs of many workers.

Jameson Bell works with marine electronics. He is paid hourly and is not part of a union. He explains the types of electronics in a wheelhouse, how navigational electronics have changed over the years, and how that has affected the fishing industry. He explains the costs of navigational equipment and the life expectancy of various marine equipment, such as the magnetron. He also discusses the different types of people he meets on the waterfront, including ship captains, fishermen, and other workers. He discusses the drug use on the waterfront.

Jameson “Jamie” Bell was born October 15, 1971 in Fort Lawton Beach, Florida and is currently employed as a Marine Electronics Technician at Chris Electronics in New Bedford, MA. In this interview, he discusses his past in the electronics field, his feelings about his job including his favorite and least favorite aspects of it. He shares how he interacts with fishermen, captains, customers and coworkers, and how his job is a good fit for his personality.

Chad Joseph Bergeron was born on August 28, 1978, in New Bedford, Massachusetts. He grew up in New Bedford and has a deep-rooted connection to the fishing industry through his family. His grandfather, a fisherman for over thirty years, was the one who introduced the family to the industry. Bergeron's father also worked in the industry, initially helping his grandfather by lumping boats. Bergeron continues the family tradition, working in the New Bedford fishing industry.

Sebastian Ayala is a forty-three year old foreman at the Norpel plant in New Bedford.  He has been working at the Norpel plant for almost fifteen years, working his way up to a foreman position. In this interview Sebastian describes coming to New Bedford from El Salvador and his work at Norpel, including various positions in the factory as well as safety concerns.

Olassee Davis is a prominent environmental advocate and community leader from the island where the Great Pond is located. His deep connection to the area began in his youth, spending time in and around the Great Pond, which was a vibrant ecosystem and a key part of the local community.  He has witnessed significant ecological changes over the decades, from increased erosion to the decline of local wildlife populations. His advocacy has often focused on preserving the natural state of the Great Pond against various development pressures.

Ivy F. Hooks is a distinguished figure in the field of aerospace engineering, with a career that has spanned several decades and has included significant contributions to the United States' space program. Born and educated in Houston, Texas, Hooks earned her Bachelor of Science degree in Mathematics in 1963, followed by a Master of Science degree in Mathematics in 1965, both from the University of Houston. Hooks began her illustrious career at NASA's Manned Spacecraft Center, which later became the Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center in Houston, Texas.

Lucille D. Duminy moved into New Orleans' Ninth Ward around 1949. She survived Hurricane Betsy in 1965 and rebuilt her house and life there.

Scope and Content Note
Duminy discusses her childhood, living in the Ninth Ward in the 1950s and 1960s, her ordeal in surviving Hurricane Betsy, her encounters with relief agencies afterward, Hurricane Camille in 1969, and other hurricanes.

Dr. Donna Shaver is a renowned wildlife biologist who has dedicated her career to the preservation of endangered species, with a particular focus on Kemp’s ridley sea turtles. She grew up in upstate New York, where her early interest in wildlife biology was influenced by her grandfather's love for nature and his saltwater aquariums. Dr. Shaver attended Corcoran High School and later pursued her undergraduate studies at Cornell University, where she majored in traditional wildlife biology. However, her passion always lay in the recovery efforts of threatened and endangered species.

Apayu is an artist based out of Aleknagik, Alaska, who grew up subsistence fishing. Apayu recounts her memories of fishing with her father as a child and her return to subsistence fishing after college. Apayu addresses complex questions, such as the meaning of a subsistence lifestyle and what it means to her to be Yup’ik.

JudyJo Matson and Carla Harris are a feisty mother/daughter duo; JudyJo commercially set nets while her mother Carla primarily fishes for subsistence. JudyJo begins the interview by talking about her experiences commercial fishing as a woman. She talks about her commercial site at Graveyard Point in the Kvichak River, as well what drives her to fish. JudyJo also addresses environmental changes and her childhood fishing experiences.

June Ingram is an elder Yupik fisherwoman from Bristol Bay, Alaska. She has fished salmon (subsistence and commercial) at her family's fish camp site, which has been in her family since the 1940's. In the interview June describes what it's like to fish with multiple generations of her family and how she passes on values and lessons to younger generations through salmon fishing practices. She also discusses her experience of environmental change.

Esther Ilutsik is the Director for Yup’ik Studies for the Southwest Region Schools in Dillingham, Alaska. She learned to set net fish as a child and commercial fished throughout her life at her family’s fish camp in Ekuk. In this interview Esther recounts her experiences of fishing with her mother and the social and environmental changes she has observed in Ekuk. This interview was conducted by NOAA Fisheries Alaska Fisheries Science Center in partnership with Bristol Bay Native Association as part of the Women of Alaska Fisheries oral history project.

Lindsay Layland is a commercial fisher based in Dillingham, Alaska, and also works as the Deputy Director at United Tribes of Bristol Bay (UTBB). She began commercial fishing as a child on her dad’s boat in the Bristol Bay salmon set net fishery and currently captains her own boat in the same fishery.  In this interview she talks about the physical labor that goes into fishing, the lesson’s she’s learned captaining a boat, and her concerns about current environmental threats to the fishery.

On July 26, 2024, Molly Graham interviewed Dr. Gary Matlock remotely for the NOAA Heritage Oral History Project. The interview explores Matlock's personal background, including his birth in Riverside, California, and his upbringing in Texas. Matlock discusses his academic journey, beginning with his inspiration from Jacques Cousteau and culminating in a Ph.D. from Texas A&M University. Key topics include his early work in fisheries and ecology, his educational experiences at Del Mar College, the University of Texas, and Texas A&M, and his career with NOAA.

On July 18, 1992, Marguerite Holloway interviewed Alfred Lawless in Saugerties, New York, as part of a project for the Hudson River Maritime Museum. The interview covers Lawless's life as a fisherman on the Hudson River, focusing on shad fishing traditions, family involvement in the fishing industry, and his reflections on environmental changes and regulatory challenges. Lawless describes his decades-long experiences fishing alongside his father and later his son, highlighting generational knowledge and the evolving nature of fish populations, including shad, sturgeon, and stripers.

On December 5, 1995, Marguerite Holloway interviewed Vincent Letteri Sr. and Vincent Letteri Jr. in Verplanck, New York, for the Hudson River Maritime Museum. The interview explores the Letteri family's multigenerational experience in commercial fishing on the Hudson River, focusing on their practices, innovations, and the challenges they faced. Vincent Sr. reflects on early fishing methods, including stake netting and seining, and their evolution into anchor nets. He recounts memorable stories, such as navigating in fog, winter fishing through ice, and interactions with game wardens.

On May 19, 1991, Marguerite Holloway interviewed Raymond Minard in Poughkeepsie, New York. Minard, a retired shad fisherman with decades of experience, discusses his career in the Hudson River fisheries, including the challenges of changing fish populations, economic shifts, and environmental factors like PCB contamination. He reflects on the decline of the shad fishery and the rise of striped bass populations, which impacted the viability of commercial fishing.

On September 11, 2020, Joanne Flanders interviewed Dr. Jyotika Virmani via the Zoom platform. Dr. Virmani participated from Los Angeles, California, while the interviewer was in Bethesda, Maryland. The interview covers Dr. Virmani's early life, including her childhood in Manchester, UK, her family’s migration experiences, and her multicultural upbringing.

Anthony Nguyen is both Vietnamese and Filipino and works in a managerial accounting role. He has ties to the fishing industry through his current job and his father’s occupation as a scalloper in the industry. Anthony is being interviewed by Genesis Galan on Tuesday, April 16, 2024, at his workplace, NORPEL, a processing center for seafood and other meats used in pet food. In the interview, he discusses his early involvement in the fishing industry during high school and the difficulties he experienced as a result of his father’s decisions.

On December 24, 1991, Marguerite Holloway interviewed Lester Ostoyic in Malden-on-Hudson, New York, for the Hudson River Maritime Museum. Ostoyic, born in 1935 and raised in Malden-on-Hudson, discusses his family’s legacy in commercial shad and sturgeon fishing on the Hudson River. He recalls learning the trade from his father, a commercial fisherman, and Air Raid Warden during World War II, and the seasonal rhythms of fishing.

This is a loving portrait of a single mother who worked extremely hard to provide for her children.  In this interview, Debra Soares describes her mother’s resilient, hardworking nature in the face of long, cold hours working as a fish processor.  She extolls the importance of extended kinship networks, the power of being raised by a village, and the sacrifices that the women in her mother’s generation and the first-generation immigrants from Cape Verde made working in the fish houses.

On February 1, 1988, Robert Fritchey interviewed Claude McCall in Leeville, Louisiana. McCall, who relocated from Florida to Louisiana in 1971, has a diverse background that includes work in electronics and commercial fishing. His experience spans decades, transitioning from guiding and fishing in Florida’s Tampa Bay area to fishing in Louisiana’s coastal waters. In the interview, McCall discusses his early years in Florida, where he observed the ecological impacts of dredging and coastal development, which led to habitat degradation and declines in fish populations.

On November 13, 2003, Carrie Kline interviewed Eliza Lillian Crosby Nutt at her home in Ditchley, Virginia, for the Steamboat Era Museum Oral History Project. Eliza Nutt, born on March 23, 1912, in Bluff Point, Virginia, grew up on a farm in Ditchley and spent her life in the region. She is a long-standing member of Calvary Baptist Church and has a deep connection to her community's history and traditions. In this interview, Nutt recounts her experiences growing up in early 20th-century Virginia, focusing on her family, community, and religious life.

On January 1, 1988, Robert Fritchey interviewed Houston Serigny, a lifelong resident of coastal Louisiana. He discusses his experiences as a commercial fisherman, trapper, and community member. Born into a family deeply connected to the waterways and fisheries of the region, Serigny provides a vivid account of his life and work, including his family’s history of fishing, trapping, and navigating environmental and economic changes.

On August 1, 1990, Robert Fritchey interviewed Frank and Stanley Rando in Bucktown, Louisiana, for an oral history documenting their experiences in local fishing industries. Frank Rando, a lifelong fisherman, began his career in 1936 after finishing grammar school. He worked alongside his father, nicknamed “Sheepshead Frank,” who was known for his innovative sheepshead fishing techniques using a pirogue and pole. Stanley Rando, younger than Frank, contributes insights into later industry practices and environmental changes.

On April 6, 2011, Georgen Charnes and Nantucket Lighthouse Middle School students Katie Ponce and Evelyn Hudson interviewed Carl H. Sjolund at his home in Nantucket. Sjolund, a 15th-generation Nantucketer with Norwegian paternal roots, is a seasoned commercial and bay scalloper who has worked extensively in fisheries from Alaska to New England. In the interview, Sjolund reflects on his lifelong experiences in the fishing industry, including distinctions between bay and sea scalloping, and changes in fishing practices due to regulations and technological advances.

On July 31, 1993, Christopher Letts was about a broad spectrum of topics related to environmental conservation, sustainable fisheries, and local ecological issues. Letts discusses the challenges of maintaining sustainable fisheries, particularly regarding sturgeon and shad populations, while reflecting on differing perspectives among fishermen and regulatory authorities. He critiques practices such as fishing on spawning grounds and describes the pressures on species like paddlefish and striped bass.

On May 3, 1984, Everett Nack was interviewed about his experiences and perspectives on fishing and river-related activities. The interview covers a wide range of topics, including Nack's fishing practices, observations of environmental changes in the Hudson River, and the impacts of dredging and pollution on local fish populations. Nack shares anecdotes about sturgeon and other species, as well as his insights into the challenges facing the fishing community, such as disease outbreaks and regulatory issues.

On December 21, 1991, Everett Nack was interviewed about his extensive experience with fishing in the Hudson River. The discussion covers the history and techniques of fishing for various species, including shad, sturgeon, and carp, and addresses environmental challenges affecting fish populations and water quality. Nack describes the role of state conservation efforts, the use of fishing equipment, and his observations on the decline of native species linked to pollution and habitat changes.

On July 17, 1993, Louis and Harry Lasher were interviewed about their experiences with shad fishing along the Hudson River. The Lashers discuss their lifelong involvement in fishing, covering topics such as traditional techniques for setting poles and nets, the logistics of operating fish camps, and the challenges of working with tides and environmental conditions. They also reflect on the changes in fishing practices and regulations over time, the decline in shad populations, and the impact of industrial development on the Hudson River's ecosystem and community access.

In this interview, Fred Johanssen discusses his extensive experience in the fishing and boatyard industries, touching on topics such as the physical demands of fishing, the decline of the striped bass population due to PCBs, and his observations on the shad and sturgeon populations. He reflects on changes in environmental practices and river cleanup, recounts family and community histories, and shares personal anecdotes about the challenges and rewards of his work.

Roberta Schoemberg is a child development consultant based in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. With a wealth of experience in teaching preschool children and working in daycare centers, Schoemberg has dedicated her career to understanding and nurturing the development of children. Her work primarily involves collaborating with agencies, training staff, and working directly with individual children. Schoemberg's expertise extends to conducting play sessions with children, a method that allows her to observe and understand their behaviors and stories.

Michael Kline interviewed Ona Hovatter and Helen Dotson on December 3, 1985, for the Tucker County, West Virginia Flood Audio Recordings project. Ona Hovatter has lived in Parsons, West Virginia for over forty years, and Helen Dotson is a resident of Limestone. In the interview, Hovatter describes the night of the flood, recalling the unprecedented rise of water levels that reached five feet and three inches in her living room, surpassing even the marks left by the historical flood of 1888.

Michael Kline interviewed Kathleen Hall on April 10, 1986, for the Tucker County, West Virginia Flood Audio Recordings project. Kathleen Hall, born in 1912, grew up in a family deeply rooted in the Methodist Protestant tradition, with her grandfather serving as a preacher. In this interview, Hall recounts her family's history, including her grandfather's various preaching assignments and her father's work as a deputy sheriff. She describes the hardships her family faced, such as the murder of her grandmother during a robbery, which led to her grandmother moving in with Hall's family.

On February 14, 1986, Michael Kline interviewed Michael D. Smith for the Tucker County, West Virginia Flood Audio Recordings project. Smith, originally from Newell in Hancock County, West Virginia, moved to Ravenswood in his early teens, where his family relocated due to job opportunities in the aluminum industry. He met his wife there, and the two have been together since high school. Smith attended college in Morgantown, West Virginia, served in Vietnam, and returned to the state to work in rehabilitation counseling after dealing with personal challenges, including alcoholism.

On February 14, 1986, Michael Kline interviewed Roger Lee Morral, Sr., for the Tucker County, West Virginia Flood Audio Recordings project. Roger Lee Morral, Sr. was born on November 11, 1950, in Reisterstown, Maryland. Raised primarily by his aunt and uncle in Tucker County, West Virginia, Morral spent much of his early life in the community. He married Deborah Lynn Steinberg in 1977, and they have two children, Roger Lee Morral, Jr. and Tabitha Jane Morral. The interview begins with Morral recounting the events of November 4, 1985, when severe flooding hit the area.

Priscilla "Pill" Teter, Timber Ridge 2-14-1986 

On July 20, 1989, Beverly McBride interviewed Mary Litman for the Tucker County, West Virginia Flood Audio Recordings project. Mary Litman is a former resident of Parsons, West Virginia. At the time of the flood, Mary was living in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. 

Mr. Crosby was an African-American raconteur, a Lancaster County legend, who founded a snack shop just north of White Stone on Rt. 3. A veteran of the fishing industry, he knew every aspect of boating and sold seafood in Richmond over a forty-five year period.

On February 21, 2008, Ronald Bruch interviewed Tom Wirth for the "People of the Sturgeon: Wisconsin's Love Affair with an Ancient Fish" oral history project. Wirth, a former area biologist with extensive experience in fisheries management, shares his knowledge and observations regarding sturgeon populations and habitat changes in the Lake Winnebago system.

Oral history interview with Bill Tucker.

Oral history interview with Bob Spaeth.

Oral history interview with Bobby Aylesworth.

Oral history interview with Glen Brooks. 

Oral history interview with Brian Ward.

Oral history interview with Doug Sokolowski.

Oral history interview with Devin Kocsis.

Patrick Shepard works for the Maine Center for Coastal Fisheries and was born in Stonington, ME. He talks about his experiences growing up in a fishing family and lobstering with his brother from a very young age. He also speaks about the changes he sees in his hometown and what the future of fishing in Maine might hold, particularly in finding ways to make more money from a smaller amount of high quality product.

Micah Woodcock, a wild seaweed harvester from Stonington, ME, speaks about the reality of the practical, personal, and community sides of harvesting wild seaweed. He discusses his experiences in Maine and his opinions of the future of the seaweed industry and the people influenced by this business.

Voices of the Maine Fishermen’s Forum 2018 is a project of Maine Sea Grant, The First Coast, College of the Atlantic, and the Island Institute, with support from the Maine Fishermen’s Forum Board of Directors.

Marina Cucuzza, a marine researcher from Boston, MA, is currently working on her thesis which assesses the capacity for sustainability in coastal communities. She discusses buzz words such as resilience and sustainability which she finds important to define and what she has come across in her projects so far. She talks about her experiences working on a whale watch, living in Canada, and working intensely with people as well as how her experiences have driven her interest in science and given her an understanding of how multifaceted situations can be.

Rustin Taylor, from Somesville, ME, is an elver fisherman who fishes around Mount Desert Island and Ellsworth. He talks about the changes in the fishery over time and the environmental balances to consider when fishing. He explains some of the factors that affect this fishery, such as water level fluctuations caused by the Union River Dam and the quota system established after the 2013 season.

Merritt Carey, from Tennent’s Harbor, ME, grew up summering in Maine and is now a key member of the Maine Aquaculture Co-op. In this interview, she recounts her experiences working Maine, including delivering lobster, being a crew member in the second all-female crew to participate in an around-the-world sailing race, and buying a wharf and forming the Maine Aquaculture Co-op. Her goal is to make sure that aquaculture money stays at the shore.

Robert Morse is the owner of Atlantic Laboratories North American Kelp. He runs a plant in Waldoboro, ME, that has been operating since the 1970s to produce fertilizers and animal feed supplements out of rockweed. They export to more than 24 countries and have established a global market for seaweed. Morse talks about the uses for “liquid seaweed” as well as how the seaweed business has changed over the years.

Paul Molyneaux, an author, journalist, and former urchin harvester and fisherman from Milbridge, ME, speaks about the capitalism and economics of the fishing industry. He also speaks about his experiences winkling for periwinkle snails and diving for sea urchins as well as participating in the governance of the sea urchin fishery.

Voices of the Maine Fishermen’s Forum 2018 is a project of Maine Sea Grant, The First Coast, College of the Atlantic, and the Island Institute, with support from the Maine Fishermen’s Forum Board of Directors.

Richard Nelson is a retired lobsterman out of Friendship, ME. He moved to Maine to continue a musical instrument repair business, but the ocean view from the window of his shop called him out onto the water. He tells the story of how he started out helping and learning from a long-time lobsterman while slowly building up his own equipment and credibility in the community.

Phoebe Jekielek, an education program leader on Hurricane Island, ME, speaks about the realities and importance of working with students on Hurricane Island. She discusses changes she has observed through her years of work and the successes and challenges of aquaculture in education.

Voices of the Maine Fishermen’s Forum 2018 is a project of Maine Sea Grant, The First Coast, College of the Atlantic, and the Island Institute, with support from the Maine Fishermen’s Forum Board of Directors.

Elizabeth Nozicka is not a fisherman but comes from a fishing family in Monterey and her family is greatly involved in commercial fishing over all over the world. Majority of her family and ancestors are from Sicily, while her husband is from Czech Republic. Mrs. Noricka shares the difficulties that her family suffered and still faces in the fishing industry especially with regulations and marine protected areas. Also, she explains how frustrating and difficult it is to stay in commercial fishing with regulations changing all the time.

Jim Moser a local fisherman of salmon and albacore for thirty-seven years up and down the west coast. He admits that science has changed a fisherman's method of fishing and searching for fish has become more efficient. Monetary has changed as well; sometimes a fisherman's price offers does not agree with the market's pocket. Moser believes that salmon season would start back up again when policy makers finally fix the problem with water conditions and nature would take over after that.

While not a fisherman himself, Tim is a master of a history that spans more than the lifetime of any one fisherman. Starting with the indigenous tribes of the area and ending right here in the present, Mr. Thomas relates a captivating story of boom and bust, and an ongoing cycle of life both of the bay and its inhabitants. This unique perspective provides a bird's eye view of the story of fishing in the bay and takes us on a journey through time and centuries of socioeconomic change that have produced the bay we know today.

Jiri Nozicka, a man born and raised in the Czech Republic, moved to Monterey in 1999 and has been fishing for more than 13 years up and down the Western Coast. He specializes in Fish Trawling and harvest a great variety of fish, such as: halibuts, sand dab, rockfish, black cod, etc. His passion and faith for fishing is very unique and strong.

Though he comes from the ocean-less land of the Czech Republic, Jiri Nozicka has developed a masterful understanding of fishing and its benefits. He explains that fishing as an industry does more than just put fresh fish in the hungry mouths of tourists every day, but provides a multitude of jobs at various levels within the fish to table process. Even those who work 9-5 jobs in processing plants or transporting the fish rely upon those who catch the actual product for their livelihood, an important symbiotic relationship that Jiri brings to light.

Greg Young is an impassioned fisherman drawn to fishing by "destiny." He comes from a restaurant background which he has continued through the establishment of Sandabs, a seafood restaurant in Scott's Valley, CA. Mr. Young emphasizes the importance of a strong fishermen-sanctuary relationship because, as he explains, he and other fishermen care about healthy fish populations as much as conservationists do. Mr.

Joey Jones was a commercial fisherman who fished for salmon, albacore, anchovies, and herring along the central California coast. He speaks of how he got into commercial fishing, the boats he owned, and how the industry changed during the forty years he fished. Unfortunately, Joey Jones was lost at sea on April 3, 2008.

Michael Zucker is a Pacific Salmon and Albacore Fisherman. At first when he started in 1971 in Santa Barbara he fished for rockfish and a decade after that, in 1981, he owned his first boat named "The Alliance." He has the resources and networks to change his lifestyle and career but he stayed in the fishing industry because he was greatly attracted to the fishing lifestyle. He saw the fishing industry as a tribe that would gather together during salmon season, which would make him so much more excited about fishing The U.S.

Interview with Hazel Nishimura, Darryl Tagami, Betty Young, Marian Yong by Edward Glazier. All four interviewees are current or retired employees of the Honolulu Lab which became the Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center.

Hazel Nishimura grew up in Hawaii and worked for the National Marine Fisheries Service Honolulu Lab retiring as Head Librarian in 1990 after 30 years. She graduated from the University of Hawaii with a Bachelors in History and from Case Western University with a Master's in Library Science.

Interview with Hazel Nishimura, Darryl Tagami, Betty Young, Marian Yong by Edward Glazier. All four interviewees are current or retired employees of the Honolulu Lab which became the Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center.

Interview with Hazel Nishimura, Darryl Tagami, Betty Young, Marian Yong by Edward Glazier. All four interviewees are current or retired employees of the Honolulu Lab which became the Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center.

Interview with Hazel Nishimura, Darryl Tagami, Betty Young, Marian Yong by Edward Glazier. All four interviewees are current or retired employees of the Honolulu Lab which became the Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center.

Dr. Thomas Noji grew up on Long Island. He earned his Bachelor’s degree from Earlham College, and completed his Master’s degree and Ph.D. at the University of Keele in Germany. Dr. Noji worked in Germany and Norway for 21 years, returning to the United States in 2001 to work at the Sandy Hook Lab of the Northeast Fisheries Science Center. As of this recording in 2016, he is the Ecosystems Processes Division Chief.

William Overholtz was born and raised in Lima, Ohio. He received his Bachelor’s and Master’s degrees in fresh waters fisheries and limnology from Ohio State and his Ph.D. from Oregon State. He began his career with the Fish and Wildlife Service at Rock Island, Illinois. In 1976, Overholtz began working at Woods Hole and completed many survey cruises on various foreign vessels His work focused on groundfish and herring. He spent time in the population dynamics group as well as working on acoustic surveys and assessment modeling. He retired from NMFS after 34 years of service.

Dr. Richard Methot grew up in western Massachusetts. He attended the University of Washington and received a bachelor'sdegree from the College of Fisheries. Following graduation, Dr. Methot went to Scripps Institution of Oceanography where he earned his Ph.D. in Biological Oceanography in 1981. After a one year postdoc at Bodega Marine Laboratory, he began working for NOAA that same year at the Southwest Fisheries Science Center in LaJolla, CA. In 1988, he moved to the Alaska Fisheries Science Center in Seattle, WA.

David Packer received his undergraduate degree in zoology from Ohio State University. He started to become interested in marine biology and received his Master’s degree from the University of Maine in 1988. He is the editor of Essential Fish Habitat and studies deep sea corals.

Interview contains discussions of: Grain size analysis, dump site project, deep sea corals, benthic communities, EFH, species source documents, stock assessment, and ecosystem based management, Gulf of Maine deep sea coral, research cooperation between NOAA line offices.

Dr. Rohinee Paranjpye was born in Pune, India in 1955 and has been working at the Northwest Fisheries Science Center as a microbiologist since 1979. As part of a microbiology product quality and safety team, she helped improve the safety and marketability of fishery products by identifying hazards in seafood. She also researches the role of abiotic and biotic environmental factors on the presence of marine pathogens in order to develop improved risk assessment tools for early warning systems. Rohinee has a B.S. in Chemistry from India, a B.S.

Betty Neary Alberts was born in California and later moved to Hawai'i as a child. Her mother was a teacher and worked for the Naval Air Station during the war. Betty grew up in Pa'ia, Maui, where she enjoyed climbing trees, going to the beach, and playing games with friends. She attended grade school in Pa'ia and later moved to California for college. Betty got married at the end of her junior year in college and had four children.

A man recaps his life story from family background, Nahiku home, childhood games, Civilian Conservation Corps, defense work, military service, and marriage. Missing the 1946 tsunami because he and friends went hunting in the mountains, he recalls visiting Hamoa and describes the devastation there.

A woman recalls the lifestyles of her mother, a teacher; father, a plantation engineer; uncle, a plantation manger; and aunt. She also describes Lahaina town and Lahainaluna School and the effect of World War II on her daily life. Safe at school when the 1946 tsunami hit, she relates how the ocean looked that day and how the tidal wave affected Spreckelsville and Mala village.

A woman recalls her Okinawan immigrant parents who were banana farmers and pineapple field workers. She describes her Maliko Gulch banana farm and neighborhood. Alerted by neighbors, she and her siblings climbed a hill and watched the 1946 tidal waves roll in and pull up trees and plants.

Originally from Oregon, a woman tells of her family's relocation to Hawaii and subsequent moves to Hilo and Lahaina. She shares childhood memories of December 7, 1941. Also remembered is the effect of the 1946 tsunami on her Lahaina home and aunt's Spreckelsville home.

A Kalaupapa resident describes his traumatic birth, father and adopted sister, confinement in Kalihi Hospital, Pearl Harbor day, transport to Kalaupapa settlement, and adjustment to life there. He recalls the 1946 tidal wave and the subsequent damage and repair of the settlement's water supply pipe. He concludes with reflections on his life at Kalaupapa.

A man who grew up in Keanae tells of his parents' background, his schooling, and army tour of duty. He describes the 1946 tidal wave which took the life of his aunt. The escape of his mother and her grandchildren, death of his aunt, Young Men's Christian Association and Red Cross assistance, and current precautions are among the topics discussed.

A Molokai resident describes the home of her adoptive grandfather in Kapulei, Pukoo. She recalls the receding tide of the 1946 tidal wave and the fish, eel, and squid which washed to shore. She also relates her husband's reading of the ocean prior to the 1956 tidal wave.

A Kula-born man speaks briefly of his family and rural lifestyle. He remembers the tsunamis from the perspective of a young child.

Robert "Steamy" Chow, a retired Hilo police officer, was born March 19, 1922. He is the flfth of seven children born to Keong Chow, an immigrant from Canton, China, and Honolulu-born Violet K.F. Fong Chow. Chow spent much of his boyhood selling newspapers and shining shoes on street comers in downtown Hilo, and helping in his father's shoe repair business.

Masao Uchi.ma was born in Honoka'a, Hawai'i on May 22, 1928. When he was an infant, the family moved to 'O'okala, Hawai'i, where his father, Katsunoshin Uchima, was an independent sugarcane contractor. When Masao Uchima was five, the family moved to Hilo, where Katsunoshin Uchima began Eagle Laundry. The business was located on Kamehameha Avenue, in the Shinmachi section of Hilo. The family lived in a cottage behind the laundry. Katsunoshin Uchi.ma was an immigrant from Okinawa.

Born August 21, 1913, Minerva Kiyoko Saiki Hayakawa was the flfth of eight children. While still a young child, her father, Takaichi Rupert Saiki immigrated with his family to Hilo from Hiroshima, Japan.

Marsue McGinnis McShane was born May 15, 1924 in Cincinnati, Ohio. Her father, Ralph McGinnis, was a professor of English and journalism at Miami University in Ohio. Her mother, Erma Kl>enig McGinnis, was a homemaker. McShane and an older brother were raised in the college town of Oxford, Ohio. She also spent part of her childhood with her grandmother in nearby Covington, Kentucky. McShane attended schools in Oxford, graduating from high school in 1941.

The third of six children, Richard Furtado, was born in Lahaina, Maui on July 15, 1913 to Lucy Napelakaukau Furtado and Antonio D. Furtado. His mother was Hawaiian-Chinese; his father, a Portuguese immigrant who arrived in the islands at the age of four. His paternal grandparents from the Azores worked in the sugar industry. Later, his grandfather and father were in the meat business. The Furtados at one time owned the only meat market and slaughterhouse in Lahaina; they made and marketed Portuguese sausages throughout the territory.

Riichi Hatada, the fourth of eight children, was born on April 21, 1922 in downtown Hilo to Japanese immigrants Shigemi Tasaka Hatada and Kenho Hatada. His father waited on tables at the Pacific Bakery Hotel and Restaurant where he eventually learned the bakery trade. In ca. 1925, his father founded K. Hatada Bakery in the Shin.machi section of Hilo where the family resided. The bakery produced Star Bread. The bakery was later sold to the Ikedas who owned Hilo Macaroni Factory. During that time his father returned to Hiroshima to build a family home.

Masuo Kino was born April 2, 1929 in Kahuku Mauka (near N"mole), Hawai'i. His father, Kenkin Kino, was a laborer and independent sugarcane grower for Hakalau Plantation Company. His mother, Makato Inamine Kino, was a housewife who raised five children of which Masuo was the youngest. Kenkin and Makato Kino were immigrants from Okinawa. Masuo helped his father and mother in the sugarcane fields.

Laura Yuen Chock, the fourth of six children, was born July 18, 1927 in Hilo. Her father was Mun Hon Yuen, an immigrant from Canton, China. Her mother was Fannie Yen Tai Loo Yuen, a Honolulu- born Chinese American. Chock's parents owned the Hawaii Chicken Store, a poultry and herb business located on Mamo Street in downtown Hilo. Chock and her family lived in two-bedroom quarters above the store.