On April 26, 1992, Edward Hatzman was interviewed about his experiences as a commercial fisherman on the Hudson River. Hatzman discusses his career, focusing on techniques, challenges, and changes in the fishing industry, including the use of gill nets, lift periods, and the impact of environmental regulations. He provides insights into the dynamics of striped bass, shad, and sturgeon fishing, sharing observations on river conditions, poaching, and the evolving fish populations.

On June 24, 1992, Earl Droessler interviewed Charles E. Anderson for the American Meteorological Society’s Recorded Interview Project. Charles E. Anderson begins by recalling his entry into the Army Air Corps at the University of Chicago and his work there under Byers, Wolf, Rossby, Reed, and Starr. He then covers the Black Army Air Corps group based at Tuskegee and his service as a squadron weather officer.

On July 18, 1992, Marguerite Holloway interviewed Alfred Lawless in Saugerties, New York, as part of a project for the Hudson River Maritime Museum. The interview covers Lawless's life as a fisherman on the Hudson River, focusing on shad fishing traditions, family involvement in the fishing industry, and his reflections on environmental changes and regulatory challenges. Lawless describes his decades-long experiences fishing alongside his father and later his son, highlighting generational knowledge and the evolving nature of fish populations, including shad, sturgeon, and stripers.

On August 1, 1992, Marguerite Holloway interviewed Albert Cutler at his home in Saugerties, New York. Cutler recounts his experiences as a fisherman on the Hudson River, detailing his sturgeon and shad fishing practices from the 1930s to the 1950s. He describes the fishing techniques, equipment, and challenges, including environmental changes and the impact of industrial pollution, such as PCB contamination. Cutler reflects on the economic and cultural significance of fishing, his role in the community, and the decline of the fishing industry in the region.

On August 24, 1992, George P. Cressman was interviewed by Warren Washington, Norman Phillips, Ron McPherson, and Jim Howcroft at the National Meteorological Center in Camp Springs, Maryland, as part of the American Meteorological Society's oral history project. Cressman discusses his early interest in meteorology, sparked by his upbringing in West Chester, Pennsylvania, and the influence of local cooperative observer Harlan Saylor.

Life-long fisherman Roy Lee was born and raised in the Everglades around Everglades City. As that region was engulfed by the National Park in the 1970s, he relocated to South Louisiana where he fished for red drum, spotted seatrout, pompano, black drum, etc. Most winters he returned to Marathon, Florida, to stab net for mangrove snapper, and used a runaround gill net to harvest bluefish and Spanish mackerel. Interview was conducted in Leeville, Louisiana, in September 1992. 

In this interview from November 1992 to January 1993, conducted by Paul Frenzen at the University of Chicago, Professor Dave Fultz recounts his life and career in meteorology and atmospheric science. Fultz discusses his early years, including time spent in Albania, where his father directed the Albanian Vocational School. He details the international and technical influences that shaped his education, noting his high school and undergraduate experiences in Chicago and his scholarship-supported studies at the University of Chicago.

Alcee Taylor is a native of Cortez, Florida, a historic fishing village known for its rich maritime heritage. Born into a family of boat builders, Taylor's father was known for building skiffs, a versatile type of boat that was adapted to the shallow waters of Florida's bays and estuaries. Taylor himself has a deep connection with the fishing industry, having bought fish in North Carolina and worked with the Florida Shrimp Exchange. He also served in the military, after which he engaged in fishing activities in North Carolina.

Commonly known as "Blue", Thomas Fulford talks about his fishing with "Tink" Fulford, fishing on the Anna Dean, growing up in Cortez, 'Hogging' stop netting, feud with gill netters, union formation attempts, net care and conflict with sport fishermen.

This interview discusses mostly family history.  She did a lot of Cortez history work.  Green wrote a book, Fog's Comin In, a history of Cortez with many pictures.

In this interview, Paul Taylor talks about his family, his fishing life, living in the Ilbion Inn and his views on fishing.  Taylor's father came to Cortez from North Carolina.  

Elizabeth Pearson Jones talks about her family history and a 1921 hurricane.

Raymond Stargell Pringle's family came to Cortez in 1919.  In this interview, he talks about his father and fishing with him as a kid. Later, he became a minister.

This interview with Marvin Carver covers family, fishing, fish camps and net spreads. He also had a bridge tender's job in Cortez.

Ralph Fulford is the son of 'Tink" Fulford, a fisherman, who had the Dixie Fish Co. and later the Fulford Fish Co.  Ralph ran the fish house from 1946 on.  He talks about the processing and operation of a fish house.  Also, he discusses his part in founding the Cortez Historical Society. 

Orrie Williams' family has been in Cortez since 1905.  His father had fish house and Orrie drove truck for him.  Williams talks about his family in Cortez, the Burton store and the 1921 hurricane. 

This interview has two tracks, one an interview with Julian Culbreath and the other some music played on his fiddle with Leo Gale on guitar.  The interview discusses Culbreath's family history and fishing. Culbreath's family was musical.  A lot is about his musical career and the formation of The Cortez Grand Old Opry. The music tape has "The Cortez Rag" and "The Orange Blossom Special."

Don DeMaria is a long-time resident of the Florida Keys, having moved there permanently in 1977, although he had been visiting the area since 1965. He initially lived in Key West before moving to Summerland around 1984. DeMaria is a college graduate and has been a commercial fisherman since 1972. His fishing experience extends to various locations, including Tortugas, Boca Grande, and Marquesas, with his work in Tortugas beginning when he moved to the Keys permanently. DeMaria's fishing methods include spearfishing and catching tropical fish.

In this interview, Sue Turner Maddox talks about family history, not in the fishing industry.  Her husband had a drive-in in Mulberry.  They divorced and she moved to Cortez in 1965.  Maddox had visited with cousins here before.  She worked at Moore Stone crab and Bell fish Company in order to support her kids.  She got involved in fighting drug problems in Cortez and Bradenton in the 70's with some harrowing results.  She still working at Bell's Fish Company.

When you go into another man's territory you've got to fish like he does. You've got to learn to fish like they fish or you won't catch nothin'. Everybody learns. Every community fishes different.

Calvin Edison Bell was born on November 14, 1929. He is the son of Aaron Park Bell, a commercial fisherman from North Carolina, and Jessie Blanche Fulford. Calvin grew up in a family of seven children, with five brothers and one sister. He lived in the same house in Cortez, Florida, for his entire life. Calvin followed in his father's footsteps and became a commercial fisherman, participating in various types of fishing including mackerel fishing, mullet fishing, and seine fishing.

Vernon Mora discusses family history, fishing in Sarasota Bay.  He fished for A.P. Bell and Fulfords, worked on a dredge for a while, had a shrimp boat for a while.

Akira Otani, born in Honolulu, Hawai'i in 1921, grew up in a predominantly Japanese neighborhood with a strong fishing industry presence. His father ran a fish stall and wholesale business, while his mother worked in the fish and pineapple canneries. Otani's father had little involvement at home due to his work schedule, and Otani and his siblings had to take care of themselves. He attended Pohukaina School, a Japanese-language school with strict discipline, and later pursued a college preparatory program at Washington Intermediate School and McKinley High School.

In this interview, Rita Warden, discusses her family history; they migrated to Florida from Canada.  Though not a Cortez fisherman, Rita's husband was a carpenter and farmer in Michigan.  They wintered in Cortez from 1938 on. She talks about trailer park living and her husband's fishing when here.  Rita's husband did some shrimp netting too.  They are friends with the Guthries, one of whom was a fisherman and bridge tender.

This interview with Walter Bell, the son of A P Bell, covers his family and growing up in Cortez.  Some info about the Manatee River Fish Co. a precurser to A P Bell Fish Company and relations with other fishermen.

Mr. Earl Taylor talks about his fishing history with others over the years. He quit when he was married and was a cook for a while before he came back to fishing.

In this interview, Raymond Guthrie discusses his family history and fishing experiences.  He did seine fishing and stop netting. Guthrie talks about animosity from other fishermen.  He fished and did mowing work, and some boat building.
 

Vincent J. Schaefer begins by talking about the gathering led by Tom Malone in the late 1950s to generate a plan for a center to work with problems related to the atmosphere. He describes the differences between the majority of the group, and himself and Vonnegut in philosophies, and the ultimate publication of the Blue Book in February 1959. He discusses his relationship with Walter Orr Roberts when Roberts was at the High Altitude Observatory (HAO) and later at NCAR.

On May 8-9, 1993, Earl Droessler interviewed Vincent Schaefer, a prominent meteorologist, at his home in Schenectady, New York. The interview explores Schaefer’s background in meteorology, including his work with cloud seeding and his contributions to atmospheric sciences. Schaefer discusses his early career, which was shaped by influential mentors like Dr. Langmuir, and his involvement in the American Meteorological Society.

On May 9, 1993, Earl Droessler interviewed Bernard Vonnegut for the American Meteorological Society's oral history project in Schenectady, New York. The interview focuses on Vonnegut's career in atmospheric sciences, beginning with his education in physical chemistry at MIT and transition into meteorology through collaborations with colleagues like Wallace Howell and Henry Houghton.

Wanda Fulford was born on March 23, 1933, in Cortez, Florida, to Elizabeth and James Jones.  James was a commercial fisherman.  The family moved to Englewood then to Stump Pass for a while so her father could fish for Mullet.  Her mother returned to Cortez with the family shortly, leaving James in Stump Pass.  Wanda had a sister and two brothers.  She left school with a year and a half to go to work.  Wanda worked at various jobs.

Henry Clayton Adams was born on August 27, 1921, in Cortez, Florida, to parents Willis Adams and Dora Jean Adams. He was one of nine siblings, with five brothers named Hugh, Leon, Howard, Cleve, and C.D., and three sisters named Pauline, Doris, and Mabel. Henry was married to Pauline Adams for 42 years and had one adopted son. Growing up during the Great Depression, Henry's early life was shaped by the challenges of the era. He pursued a career as a fisherman, a profession deeply rooted in his coastal upbringing.

Richard Culbreath is a member of the Culbreath family from Cortez, Florida, and is associated with the Cortez Grand Old Opry. His contributions to the local music scene are notable, and he plays an integral role in the preservation of regional musical traditions. Leo Galle, hailing from Biloxi, Mississippi, is a musician who collaborates with the Culbreath family. Ray Bach is from Myakka City, Florida, and also participates in the musical activities of the Cortez Grand Old Opry.

Oral history interview with father and son, Raymond Stargill Pringle, Jr. and Sr.

On May 26, 1993, Michael Jepson interviewed Mark Taylor for the Vanishing Culture Project in Cortez, Florida. Mark Taylor, a longtime resident of the area, grew up in the fishing community and worked as a commercial fisherman. The interview focuses on Taylor’s extensive knowledge of local fishing grounds, changes in the landscape, and the impact of development on the marine environment. Taylor begins by describing the geography of the region, including waterways such as Wild Irishman’s Cut, Grassy Point, and Ike’s Creek, and their importance for fishing, particularly for mullet.

Raymond Pringle, Jr. discusses family life, fishing with various others, seine and gill netting.  He expresses bitterness about all the regulations imposed on commercial fishing.

On July 10, 1993, Dennis Hardy was interviewed about his life and work as a commercial fisherman in the Hudson River region, focusing on traditional fishing methods, changes in the fishing industry, and the challenges of preserving local fisheries. He discusses his father's influence on his career, the family business, and his experiences with shad and striped bass fishing. Hardy also reflects on environmental changes, including water quality improvements and the impact of regulations on commercial fishing.

On July 11, 1993, Marguerite Holloway interviewed Thomas Galbraith in Croton, New York, for the Hudson River Maritime Museum. In this interview, Galbraith reflects on his experiences as a commercial fisherman on the Hudson River, starting in the late 1970s. He discusses learning the trade under the mentorship of Henry Gourdine, including the construction of fishing boats and techniques for shad fishing. He details the economic challenges of shad fishing, the changing population of fish, and the environmental and regulatory pressures that shaped his career.

On July 13, 1993, Will Kellogg interviewed Vincent E. Lally in Boulder, Colorado, for the American Meteorological Society's Tape Recorded Interview Project. In the interview, Lally reflects on his career in meteorology and atmospheric science, beginning with his education in Brookline, Massachusetts, and subsequent studies at Boston College and MIT. He recounts his involvement in radar operations during World War II and later roles developing meteorological instruments, initially at the Friez Instrument Division and subsequently with the U.S.

On July 17, 1993, Louis and Harry Lasher were interviewed about their experiences with shad fishing along the Hudson River. The Lashers discuss their lifelong involvement in fishing, covering topics such as traditional techniques for setting poles and nets, the logistics of operating fish camps, and the challenges of working with tides and environmental conditions. They also reflect on the changes in fishing practices and regulations over time, the decline in shad populations, and the impact of industrial development on the Hudson River's ecosystem and community access.

On July 31, 1993, Marguerite Holloway interviewed James H. Bleakley in Buchanan, New York. The interview explores Bleakley’s lifelong connection to the Hudson River and its fishing traditions, particularly his experiences with shad and sturgeon fishing. Bleakley discusses the technical and environmental challenges faced by commercial fishermen, including the impact of tides, fish migration patterns, and market fluctuations. He details the transition from traditional stake nets to anchor nets and the significance of understanding the river's unique dynamics for successful fishing.

On July 31, 1993, Christopher Letts was about a broad spectrum of topics related to environmental conservation, sustainable fisheries, and local ecological issues. Letts discusses the challenges of maintaining sustainable fisheries, particularly regarding sturgeon and shad populations, while reflecting on differing perspectives among fishermen and regulatory authorities. He critiques practices such as fishing on spawning grounds and describes the pressures on species like paddlefish and striped bass.

On October 22, 1993, Julius London interviewed Frank Haurwitz, discussing his family background, educational journey, and career in atmospheric sciences. Haurwitz reflects on his early life in Toronto and Boston, where his father, Bernhard Haurwitz, a prominent figure in meteorology, played an influential, though sometimes challenging, role in his academic choices. Haurwitz describes his transition from mathematics to physics at Brandeis University, later shifting to meteorology at the University of Michigan due to difficulties in physics and a desire to understand his father's field.

On October 25, 1993, Earl Droessler interviews Robert N. Culnan in Charlottesville, Virginia, for the American Meteorological Society and University Corporation for Atmospheric Research Oral History Project. Culnan reflects on his extensive career in meteorology, detailing pivotal experiences that shaped the field over several decades. He recounts his early work with prominent meteorologists, including his 1940 summer with Carl-Gustaf Rossby and Jerome Namias at MIT, where he engaged in isentropic analysis under Victor Starr.

On October 26, 1993, Julius London interviewed Marian Haurwitz regarding her late husband, Bernhard Haurwitz, his career, and personal anecdotes from their life together. The discussion touches on Marian's first meeting with Bernhard in 1960 and their subsequent marriage in 1961, after which they traveled to Munich, where Bernhard worked as a visiting professor at the Geophysical Institute.

On October 31, 1993, Julius London interviewed Lester Machta for the American Meteorological Society’s Tape Recorded Interview Project. Machta discusses his career in meteorology, beginning with his academic training and involvement in meteorological forecasting during World War II. He describes his collaborations with prominent figures such as Harry Wexler and Carl-Gustaf Rossby, as well as his work at Chanute Field and the evolution of meteorological education and practice in the military context.

On December 9, 1993, Michael Jepson interviewed several speakers as part of the Vanishing Culture Project. The interview took place in Cortez, Florida, and covers topics related to the island's history, culture, and environment. One of the narrators provides background information about Tidy Island and discusses the two marked Indian burial grounds from the Aboriginal period and the museum's dedication to both Indigenous culture and the original white settlers on the island.

On January 26, 1994, Earl Droessler interviewed Dr. Fred White at the Opryland Hotel in Nashville, Tennessee, for the American Meteorological Society and University Corporation for Atmospheric Research oral history series. This collaborative interview captures White and Droessler reflecting on their decades-long careers in atmospheric sciences, particularly their roles in establishing the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) and the University Corporation for Atmospheric Research (UCAR).

On March 20, April 20, and May 14, 1994, Gisela Kutzbach and colleagues interviewed Verner Suomi, a prominent meteorologist and researcher, about his career and contributions to weather science, particularly satellite-based observations. Suomi reflects on his early life in Minnesota, his academic journey, and his initial work on weather-related research. He discusses his pivotal role in the development of satellite weather observation, focusing on the creation and advancements of the ATS-1 and ATS-3 satellites, which provided essential data for weather forecasting.

On June 27-28, 1994, Earl Droessler interviewed Dr. George D. Robinson at his home in West Hartford, Connecticut, for the American Meteorological Society’s Tape Recorded Interview Project. Dr. Robinson recounts his academic background, beginning with his Ph.D. in physics from Leeds University at age 22, and his early work on atmospheric pollution and chemical reactions, including pioneering experiments with smog.

On September 28, 1994, Lawrence Armi interviewed Walter Munk. The interview explores Munk's formative years in Austria, including his passion for skiing and tennis, and his education under a private tutor before attending a gymnasium and later emigrating to the United States. Sent to New York to train as a banker for his family's business, Munk describes his dissatisfaction with the profession, leading him to pursue studies at Caltech starting in 1937. Munk recounts his transition from banking to science, detailing his unconventional entry to Caltech and his early academic experiences.

On October 21, 1994, Will Kellogg interviewed Joachim P. Kuettner at the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR). Kuettner reflects on significant aspects of his career, including his pioneering work on atmospheric and oceanic phenomena. He discusses his early scientific interests, influenced by experiences as a glider pilot, which led to his research on atmospheric electricity, mountain waves, and cloud formations.

Dr. Gordon Cartwright interviewed Dr. Carl Christian (C.C.) Wallen at the headquarters of the World Meteorological Organization in Geneva, Switzerland. The interview highlights Dr. Wallen's extensive career in meteorology and climatology, tracing his early influences and education, his work at the Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute, and his collaborations with international organizations such as UNESCO, UNEP, and WMO. Dr.

On December 5, 1995, Marguerite Holloway interviewed Vincent Letteri Sr. and Vincent Letteri Jr. in Verplanck, New York, for the Hudson River Maritime Museum. The interview explores the Letteri family's multigenerational experience in commercial fishing on the Hudson River, focusing on their practices, innovations, and the challenges they faced. Vincent Sr. reflects on early fishing methods, including stake netting and seining, and their evolution into anchor nets. He recounts memorable stories, such as navigating in fog, winter fishing through ice, and interactions with game wardens.

Narrator Jimmy Albright of Islamorada, FL was a retired fishing guide at the time of the interview. He is the originator of the Albright Knot, a strong line-to-line connection used for attaching lines of different diameters. His career spans several decades, during which he has developed a deep understanding of the local marine environment and its inhabitants. Albright's work has placed him at the forefront of observing the ecological changes within this unique ecosystem.

Ed Davidson is a seasoned mariner with over 25 years of experience operating boats in the Florida Keys. His extensive maritime career spans various sectors including sport fishing charters, headboat fishing operations, commercial fishing, and diving and snorkeling charters. Davidson's deep connection with the marine environment is not only professional but also academic. He holds a science degree and has conducted population studies on commercially valuable species. Over the years, Davidson has been an eyewitness to the steady decline in water quality and clarity in the Florida Keys.

Tim Daniels is a seasoned pilot and commercial fisherman whose life and career are deeply intertwined with the coastal and marine environments of Florida Bay. With years of experience navigating the skies and waters of this region, Daniels has developed a profound understanding of its natural rhythms and the delicate balance of its ecosystems.

Ray Bently of Big Pine Key, Florida, was a recreational fisher at the time of the interview. He is a figure with a rich history connected to Key West, Florida. His narrative is deeply intertwined with the region's evolution, particularly in the context of its fishing industry. Bently's experiences reflect a time when Key West underwent significant changes, both culturally and environmentally.

Debbie Carpe is a long-time resident of the Florida Keys, having lived there since she was a child. She has a vivid memory of a significant event that occurred when she was around twelve years old, a phenomenon known as the red tide, which turned the sea red and caused a massive die-off of marine life. Carpe's recollection of the event is detailed, describing how the water looked and the impact on the fish, many of which were gasping for air at the surface. She took it upon herself to collect the struggling fish and bring them to a holding place at Coco Plum.

Freeman Bateman, Sr. is a seasoned commercial shrimper from Everglades City with a wealth of knowledge and experience in the industry. His career spans several decades, during which he has witnessed significant changes in the shrimping landscape. Bateman's deep understanding of the history of shrimping is rooted in his personal experiences and the stories passed down through generations. His insights extend beyond the technical aspects of shrimping to include the environmental factors that impact shrimp habitats.

Captain Jack Burleson, known as "Capt. Jack," was born in 1922.  He was drafted from the Coast Guard into the Army during World War II.  After the war, he held various roles, including a dive instructor in Marathon, guiding divers in the Florida Keys, and a versatile handyman, carpenter, taxi driver, and dog trainer. Jack was also an artist and painted with acrylics on unconventional canvases like sea beans and driftwood.

Art Barton, long-time resident of Key West, Florida, a fishing guide with a deep-rooted history and connection to the area. His first visit to the region was around 1962 or 1963, and he became a regular visitor thereafter. In 1972, after retiring, he decided to make Key West his permanent home, initially living there only during the winter months. By 1978, he had transitioned to living in Key West year-round and has remained there ever since. Barton is deeply involved in the local fishing industry, both as a hobby and a profession.

Billy Deans, a long-time resident of the Florida Keys, has been living in the area since December 1968. He moved to the region when he was in the ninth grade. Deans has always been drawn to the water, a fascination that began when he first crossed the Seven Mile Bridge and was captivated by the clarity of the water. He initially lived on Stock Island from 1968 to 1980, after which he moved to Sugarloaf, where he has resided since. Deans is a University of Florida graduate with a degree in Chemistry.

Young marrieds in 1946, a woman and her husband were caught in the 1946 tsunami, which destroyed their beachfront house in Spreckelsville. She details their swimming to safety along with neighbors and coping in the aftermath of the flooding. Also recalled is the 1960 tsunami as it affected Kailua, Oahu.

Tom Ruhle was a clam "diver" who worked on the east end of Long Island, primarily in Lake Montauk but also in East Hampton. The interview examines harvesting methods, habitat changes, and environmental and regulatory history in this area.

Jim McKearn is an elderly semi-retired fisherman who hails from East Hampton, New York. With a fishing career spanning over several decades, Jim has witnessed firsthand the environmental challenges faced by the fishing industry. Born before World War Two, he has seen the effects of industrial pollution, garbage, and runoff on the local waters. Jim has primarily worked in the areas of Gardeners Bay, East Hampton Bay, and Montauk Point, which are located between the north and south of Gardeners Bay.

Bob Bourguignon is a renowned figure in the world of Peconic Baymen, hailing from the region of Flanders in Long Island, New York. Born and raised in the area, Bob has dedicated his life to the art of shellfishing and has become a respected expert in his field. Bob's journey as a Peconic Bayman began at a young age, learning the ropes and techniques from his family members who were involved in the same profession. His uncle, in particular, played a significant role in shaping Bob's understanding and passion for shellfishing.

Joseph Philip Loftus, Jr. is a distinguished figure whose career has been marked by significant contributions to the United States Air Force and NASA. Before his tenure at NASA, Loftus served in the Air Force, where he honed his skills in technical and systems engineering. His military service laid a strong foundation for his later work in the civilian space sector. Transitioning from the Air Force to NASA, Loftus brought with him a wealth of experience and expertise. At NASA, he was a part of the Systems Engineering Division and the Space & Life Sciences Directorate.

Cecil E. "Chuck" Leith was a renowned physicist, mathematician, and climate modeler, born in 1923 in Boston, Massachusetts. He spent his early life in Massachusetts, attending high school in Scituate, a town south of Boston. Leith's career took a significant turn during World War II when he was drafted into the Army at the age of twenty-one. Despite his young age, he was involved in a highly classified project, the details of which he was not allowed to disclose.

Bill Gaffga, a native of the area, comes from a lineage of fishermen. Born into the fishing business, he spent nine years in the service before working for General Motors in Lockport for about six years. However, he found the prospect of spending twenty years in a job he didn't enjoy unbearable, leading him to return to his roots in fishing. Gaffga began working on the bay in 1975 and continues to do so, despite the challenges brought about by the brown water in 1985. His fishing activities are diverse, adapting to the season and the catch available.

Doug Rogers Sr. and Jean Rogers are a couple residing in Brooklyn, New York. Doug was born in Brooklyn, but his father and grandfather hailed from East Marion. During the Great Depression, Doug's family moved to Brooklyn but returned to East Marion when he was born. Doug's father worked as a house painter, and his grandfather was a gentleman farmer. Doug spent 35 years working on the bay, learning the trade from a seasoned fisherman named Raymond Rackett, who was a third-generation fisherman.

Mr. Ed Warner, a native of Hampton Bays and a fifth-generation bayman, possessed an unparalleled knowledge of the town's history and its people. Born in 1925, Ed Warner grew up in Hampton Bays, fostering a deep sense of loyalty and pride for his hometown. After serving in the Navy during World War II, he returned home and became a bayman. Ed possessed an intimate understanding of the best fishing spots, techniques to maximize his catch, and where to find the largest clams. Ed Warner served as a member of the Southampton Board of Trustees for 27 years, spanning 13 re-elections.

On August 4, 1987, Earl Droessler interviewed Eugene Bollay for the American Meteorological Society Oral History Project. Bollay, born in Stuttgart, Germany, in 1912, immigrated to the United States with his family in 1924. He pursued electrical engineering at Northwestern University, but job scarcity led him to accept a Guggenheim assistantship in meteorology at Caltech in 1935. This decision sparked his lifelong career in meteorology.

Harold Trivett was born on May 13, 1924, in Dickenson County, Flatwood. He was raised on a large farm of 1,560 acres, where he learned farming from a young age. By the time he was five, he was already milking cows, and by six, he was milking two cows, walking two miles to school, and then returning to milk them again. Harold completed his education at Virginia Tech (VPI). After finishing school, he worked in a store in Haysi for three years before moving to Grundy, where he built a building and started a business named Arington Trivett, also known as the Family Shop, in 1950.

Lodge Compton is a long-standing figure in the world of journalism in Grundy, Virginia. He has been the editor and publisher of the Virginia Mountaineer, a weekly newspaper, for over twenty-five years. Compton was born and raised in Buchanan County, specifically in the headwaters of Dismal River, where his father, a writer, photographer, and occasional politician, also resided. Despite his father's brief stint as the editor of the Virginia Mountaineer, Compton insists there was no direct connection between his father's role and his own eventual position at the newspaper.

Ronald Cole is the operations manager for Virginia-Kentucky Broadcasting in Grundy, Virginia. He has been in broadcasting for over 26 years, primarily in Kentucky and Virginia. Cole was involved in broadcasting during the flood in Buchanan County, Virginia, in 1973. He received a phone call from the civil defense director, John Hash, warning of an impending flood due to heavy water systems moving in. Cole was responsible for opening the radio station early to announce the flood and provide information to the public.

subject: Flood control--Virginia; Flood damage prevention—Virginia; Buchanan County (Va.)--History; Grundy (Va.)--Social life and customs; Levisa Fork Basin (Ky. and Va.); Big Sandy River Valley (Ky. and Va.); United States. Army. Corps of Engineers.

Tim Potter is the personnel director of the town of Grundy in Grundy, Virginia. He is involved in addressing the town's opportunities and challenges, particularly focusing on the flood project with the Corps of Engineers. 

Sue Branham, born on July 18, 1937, is the owner of The Corner, a ladies' and children's ready-to-wear business in downtown Grundy, Virginia. She purchased the existing business in March 1977 and continued to teach at Grundy Junior High School until 1991. Branham was directly impacted by the 1977 flood that occurred a month after she acquired the business. She resides on Route 83, outside the floodplain, and has been involved in the community's efforts to address the recurring flood issues. 

subject: Flood control--Virginia; Flood damage prevention—Virginia; Buchanan County (Va.)--History; Grundy (Va.)--Social life and customs; Levisa Fork Basin (Ky. and Va.); Big Sandy River Valley (Ky. and Va.); United States. Army. Corps of Engineers.

Chuck Crabtree was born in 1952, in Buchanan County, where he was also raised. His family, originally from West Virginia, moved to Grundy in the late 1920s, following the coal mining industry. His grandfather was one of the first contractors for Harman Mining Corporation in Harman, Virginia, where he mined coal using ponies to pull the coal out of the mountains. Crabtree's family lived in a small camp, in houses owned by the Harman Mining Corporation, known as company houses.

Helen Combs Johnson was born on February 7, 1912, in Grundy, Virginia, where she was also raised. She was delivered by her uncle, who was a doctor, in her family home located downtown, where the Combs Building currently stands. Her early childhood was marked by a significant event when the town burned down on Christmas Eve in 1915. Johnson, along with her brother, was rolled up in a blanket and taken to safety by her parents, who managed to save most of their wedding presents before their home was consumed by the fire.

subject: Flood control--Virginia; Flood damage prevention—Virginia; Buchanan County (Va.)--History; Grundy (Va.)--Social life and customs; Levisa Fork Basin (Ky. and Va.); Big Sandy River Valley (Ky. and Va.); United States. Army. Corps of Engineers.

On September 5, 1997, Dale Kellogg interviewed Dr. Susan Solomon, an atmospheric chemist and senior scientist at NOAA, for the American Meteorological Society's oral history project. Solomon discusses her childhood in Chicago, where she developed an early interest in science, particularly through nature and television programs like Jacques Cousteau’s, which inspired her to pursue marine biology. She later shifted her focus to chemistry, finding it more quantifiable and elegant, eventually leading to her specialization in atmospheric chemistry.

Jack Kelly is a lifelong resident of Southold, Long Island, and has witnessed significant changes in the local environment and fishing industry over the years. Born in the late 1940s, he grew up near Gardiners' Island, where he recalls a fort on the North side and the erosion that caused the road to wash away.

Roland Clark was born and raised on Shelter Island, New York, where he has spent his entire life working on the water. He grew up in a family deeply rooted in maritime traditions; both his father, Ed Clark Sr., and his grandfather, Albertus Clark, were experienced fishermen and clammers. Roland attended school on Shelter Island and, from a young age, joined his father and grandfather in various fishing activities, including clamming, scalloping, and hand lining.

Gene Barr, Carl Miller, and David Hefley are three individuals who have made significant contributions in their respective fields. Gene Barr is a professional who is ready to get started on projects as soon as they are approved. He is knowledgeable about flood proofing measures and the eligibility criteria for the program. He is also familiar with the process of signing up for the program and the responsibilities that come with it. Carl Miller, on the other hand, is an expert in emergency management.

subject: Flood control--Virginia; Flood damage prevention—Virginia; Buchanan County (Va.)--History; Grundy (Va.)--Social life and customs; Levisa Fork Basin (Ky. and Va.); Big Sandy River Valley (Ky. and Va.); United States. Army. Corps of Engineers.

Robert "Steamy" Chow, a retired Hilo police officer, was born March 19, 1922. He is the flfth of seven children born to Keong Chow, an immigrant from Canton, China, and Honolulu-born Violet K.F. Fong Chow. Chow spent much of his boyhood selling newspapers and shining shoes on street comers in downtown Hilo, and helping in his father's shoe repair business.

Masao Uchi.ma was born in Honoka'a, Hawai'i on May 22, 1928. When he was an infant, the family moved to 'O'okala, Hawai'i, where his father, Katsunoshin Uchima, was an independent sugarcane contractor. When Masao Uchima was five, the family moved to Hilo, where Katsunoshin Uchima began Eagle Laundry. The business was located on Kamehameha Avenue, in the Shinmachi section of Hilo. The family lived in a cottage behind the laundry. Katsunoshin Uchi.ma was an immigrant from Okinawa.

Fusae Tanaka Takaki was born May 28, 1923 in Hilo. She was the youngest of four children born to Eijiro Tanaka and Kura Hano Tanaka, both immigrants from Fukuoka Prefecture, Japan. Eijiro Tanaka worked as a stone crusher, stevedore, and merchant marine. Her mother sold lunches and snacks from her car near Coconut Island and the Hilo wharf area. Takaki was raised in the Shinmachi district of Hilo, home to a large portion of Hilo's Japanese population.

Born August 21, 1913, Minerva Kiyoko Saiki Hayakawa was the flfth of eight children. While still a young child, her father, Takaichi Rupert Saiki immigrated with his family to Hilo from Hiroshima, Japan.

The oldest of two children born to Willard Hogle Branch and Elizabeth Mason Branch, Jeanne Branch Johnston was born in Hilo on December 2, 1939. Johnston's maternal grandfather, Charles William Mason, was the inventor of Canec, a fiberboard made from sugarcane bagasse. Mason became the superintendent of Hawaiian Cane Products Company, Ltd., located in Hilo near the site of the Waiakea Mill Company. After spending her early childhood in Hilo, Honolulu, Midway Island, and California, Johnston and her mother returned to Hilo in 1944.

A part-Hawaiian man recalls living in Kahului with his musician grandmother and businessman grandfather. Six years old on April 1, 1946, he tells of running with his grandparents from the tsunami that washed into their Kahului Beach Road home. He also outran the 1960 tsunami and witnessed the damage it caused in Kahului.

One of twelve children, a woman discusses her family's background. She explains how the children divided their time between Oahu and Molokai, traveling on the inter-island steamships. She recalls the effect of the 1946 tsunami on family and neighbors. Also described are the traditional luaus (feasts). Goodhue was also interviewed for the Ualapue project.

A woman recalls the lifestyles of her mother, a teacher; father, a plantation engineer; uncle, a plantation manger; and aunt. She also describes Lahaina town and Lahainaluna School and the effect of World War II on her daily life. Safe at school when the 1946 tsunami hit, she relates how the ocean looked that day and how the tidal wave affected Spreckelsville and Mala village.

A Maui man remembers life in Skill Camp, Paia, Maui. He outlines his family ancestry. He and his family moved to isolated Maliko Bay, where they escaped the 1946 tsunami by climbing a hill. He witnessed the destruction of his home by the waves.

A former Marine Corps officer describes the Spreckelsville beach neighborhood where he lived in 1946. He explains his duties inspecting the Naval Air Stations at Puunene and Kahului. He shares anecdotes and observations on the 1946 tsunami, including the ensuing damages.