George Cressman

Location of Interview
Collection Name

American Meteorological Society Oral History Project

Description

The American Meteorological Society Oral History Project (AMSOHP) aims to capture the history of the atmospheric sciences as told by scientists, administrators, and others working in the field. The collection is especially rich in interviews that capture the memories of scientists who launched much of the innovative meteorological research in post-war America.

To browse this collection and others, please visit the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) Archives: https://aspace.archives.ucar.edu/

Date of Interview
08-24-1992
Audio
Abstract

On August 24, 1992, George P. Cressman was interviewed by Warren Washington, Norman Phillips, Ron McPherson, and Jim Howcroft at the National Meteorological Center in Camp Springs, Maryland, as part of the American Meteorological Society's oral history project. Cressman discusses his early interest in meteorology, sparked by his upbringing in West Chester, Pennsylvania, and the influence of local cooperative observer Harlan Saylor. He recounts his educational journey at Penn State, where the physics department introduced him to meteorology under the influence of Helmut Landsberg and Hans Neuburger, both refugees from Nazi Germany. Cressman details his involvement in the Air Force Weather Program during World War II, his training at New York University under Athel Spilhaus, and later roles as an instructor at both NYU and the University of Chicago. He elaborates on wartime forecasting challenges, including classified training for an anticipated invasion of China and meteorological support for bomber operations in the Western U.S. Post-war, Cressman’s career advances as he works under Carl-Gustaf Rossby in Chicago and conducts pioneering research on synoptic meteorology, contributing to the field of numerical weather prediction. He recalls the establishment of the Joint Numerical Weather Prediction Unit (JNWP) in 1954, where he serves as director, leading efforts to integrate computational forecasting methods using an IBM 701. Cressman highlights the technical and collaborative strides made with colleagues like Fred Shuman and Art Bedient, detailing the transition from manual graphical forecasting to computer-based methods. Cressman’s tenure at the JNWP and later at the National Meteorological Center marks significant advancements in data processing, objective analysis, and the inclusion of aircraft observations. He reflects on the professional environment, noting the collaborative spirit and the gradual evolution of meteorological practices during the mid-20th century.


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