Dr. Shelby G. Tilford is a distinguished figure in the field of Earth System Science, with a career marked by significant contributions to our understanding of atmospheric phenomena and the development of Earth observation programs. With a solid foundation in physical chemistry and spectroscopy, Dr. Tilford's expertise led him to a pivotal role at NASA, where he focused on critical environmental issues such as ozone depletion and the atmospheric effects of chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs). At NASA, Dr. Tilford was deeply involved in collaborative and peer-reviewed scientific research, emphasizing the importance of international cooperation in space programs. His work contributed to the global recognition of the harmful impact of CFCs, leading to an international ban on these substances. Dr. Tilford's commitment to empirical evidence was evident in his participation in field measurements and experiments, including a notable balloon experiment in Texas. His tenure at NASA also included involvement in the Solar Maximum Mission, where he played a role in selecting a solar constant measurement, and the Upper Atmospheric Research Program. Dr. Tilford faced the challenge of integrating an Earth Science program within NASA, striving for international buy-in, and navigating the complexities of inter-agency collaboration. Dr. Tilford's legacy includes his influence on the Earth Observing Data System (EOS), a comprehensive data system for non-classified data, which he helped navigate through budget constraints and leadership changes. He also contributed to the understanding of Earth's gravity field, ocean measurements, and the effects of natural events like volcanic eruptions and earthquakes. Despite facing administrative disagreements and the challenges of commercializing satellite data, Dr. Tilford remained a staunch advocate for Earth System Science. His insights into the importance of data management and operational capabilities for EOS have been critical in advancing satellite programs and maintaining the continuity of Earth observations. His dedication to the field is further exemplified by his efforts to provide technological resources to underprivileged communities, showcasing his commitment to both scientific progress and social responsibility.

Scope and Content Note

June 23, 2009: This interview with Dr. Shelby G. Tilford provides a comprehensive overview of his journey into Earth System Science and his significant contributions to the understanding of atmospheric phenomena, particularly ozone depletion. Dr. Tilford recounts his work on the Solar Maximum Mission, where he was instrumental in selecting a solar constant measurement, and his involvement in the Upper Atmospheric Research Program, which laid the groundwork for an integrated Earth Science program at NASA. Dr. Francis Bretherton's role as chair of the Earth Science Committee is also highlighted, detailing the process of developing a science rationale for the Mission to Planet Earth, culminating in an interim report and a comprehensive, integrated chart. The committee's endeavors to engage international partners and reform NASA's Earth Science data policy are discussed. The creation and operation of the Earth Observing Data System (EOS) are examined, revealing the complexities of running satellites, data collection, algorithmic processing, and archival work, all necessitating interagency collaboration. The interviewee touches upon the challenges of budget integration, agency leadership, and ensuring disciplinary representation while emphasizing the importance of involving graduate students in the program. Tilford reflects on the advancements in understanding Earth's gravity field, the effects of natural disasters, and the collaborative international efforts in Earth System Science. The role of NASA and the impact of open data policies on the commercialization of space data are also considered. Lastly, Tilford discusses the broader context of Earth System Science, including the success of commercial communication satellites, the development of the Earth Observing System, and the support and challenges faced by the program from various entities. The involvement of NASA Administrator Dan Goldin in 1992 and the internal conflicts encountered by Dr. Tilford during his tenure at NASA are mentioned, along with a list of committee members and acknowledgments.

June 24, 2009: This interview with Dr. Shelby G. Tilford provides a comprehensive overview of the advancements and collaborative efforts in Earth System Science during the late 1980s. Dr. Tilford highlights the program's international dimension, noting partnerships with countries such as Japan, France, England, and Germany. His narrative includes an account of his engagements with the United Nations and touches upon the commercial aspects of satellite technology, particularly his association with Orbital Sciences Corporation and the ambition to measure global tropospheric winds. Dr. Tilford delves into the technical and logistical challenges encountered while developing a satellite system capable of tropospheric wind measurement. He reflects on his involvement in various satellite projects, expressing thoughts on missed opportunities and the critical need for ongoing technological innovation. The importance of collaboration between NASA and academic scientists is underscored as a driving force for the future of Earth System Science. The interview also explores the dynamics of personnel transitioning between NASA and universities, addressing the implications for data continuity and the potential impact of a reduced US presence in satellite observations relative to other nations. Dr. Tilford shares his experiences with the Earth Observing System (EOS) and the Earth Observing System Data and Information System (EOSDIS) projects, which are pivotal in Earth science research. Additionally, he provides insight into his philanthropic efforts, which involve refurbishing computers for the benefit of underprivileged children.