Michael O'Brien has had a distinguished career at NASA, serving in a capacity that bridges the organization with the international community. As the assistant administrator for NASA external relations, O'Brien's role is pivotal in shaping the agency's global partnerships and diplomatic engagements. His background, although not detailed in the provided text, likely encompasses a blend of technical expertise, policy acumen, and diplomatic skills, all of which are essential for the multifaceted challenges presented by international space collaboration. His tenure at NASA has seen significant shifts, particularly following the Vision for U.S. Space Exploration announced by President Bush in 2004. This initiative marked a new era for NASA, refocusing its goals on not just space shuttle missions and the International Space Station but also on returning humans to the Moon and eventually venturing to Mars and beyond. O'Brien's insights and leadership have been instrumental in navigating these changes and fostering international relations that are crucial for the success of such expansive endeavors.

Scope and Content Note
March 21, 2007: The interview with Michael O'Brien provides a comprehensive overview of his perspectives on NASA's evolution, its international relations, and the broader impact of the agency on society. O'Brien delves into the significant policy shift brought about by the Vision for U.S. Space Exploration, which has redefined NASA's objectives and strategies. He underscores the importance of international cooperation, particularly in Earth observation missions, which are vital for addressing global challenges such as climate change. The conversation also touches upon O'Brien's recent trip to China, highlighting the potential for future collaboration with the Chinese National Space Agency, a topic of great interest given the geopolitical landscape of space exploration. Furthermore, the interview addresses the implications of the space shuttle's retirement, marking the end of an era and the beginning of a new phase in space travel that leans more heavily on international and commercial partnerships. O'Brien reflects on the role of aeronautics within NASA, an area that continues to be a cornerstone of the agency's mandate despite the heightened focus on space exploration. He candidly discusses the cultural challenges within NASA, an organization that must constantly adapt to technological advancements, shifting political directives, and the inherent risks of space exploration. Throughout the interview, O'Brien expresses a deep enthusiasm for his work and the privilege of contributing to various facets of NASA's mission, painting a picture of an agency at a crossroads, yet poised for groundbreaking achievements in the years to come.

March 29, 2017:  This interview provides a comprehensive overview of Michael O'Brien's career transition from the U.S. Navy to NASA, focusing on his pivotal role in negotiating international agreements for the International Space Station (ISS). O'Brien, with a background in international relations, was selected to navigate the complex web of negotiations with various international partners, addressing challenges such as mistrust and equitable distribution of benefits to reach a consensus. The discussion delves into the intricacies of the ISS Program, highlighting the involvement of Russian partners, financial constraints, and the nuances of export control laws. It also examines the distinct negotiation styles of different countries and the role of women in these high-stakes discussions. O'Brien reflects on the specific hurdles encountered while negotiating with Japan, emphasizing the critical need for transparency and effective communication in international agreements. O'Brien's narrative captures the evolving landscape of NASA between 2003 and 2005, marked by the appointment of a new NASA Administrator, the commitment to complete the ISS, and the unveiling of the Vision for Space Exploration. The interview underscores the significance of international collaboration in NASA's science missions and the adaptability required to manage political shifts. The Office of International and Interagency Relations, where O'Brien served, is portrayed as a support entity for NASA's Mission Directorates, offering expertise in international affairs. O'Brien shares his insights on leadership versus management and the risks inherent in international relations and recommends literature on leadership. Lastly, the interview pays tribute to the leadership styles of various NASA Administrators, particularly highlighting Charlie Bolden's inspirational outreach to students and the supportive influence of his successor, Al Condes.