George Walker
Georgia Black Fishermen
African American participation in marine-related careers began as early as 1796, when the federal government issued Seamen’s Protection Certificates to merchant mariners defining them as “citizens” of the United States effectively making maritime employment one way for Black people to shape their identities. This project documents the fishery-related occupations of African Americans in coastal Georgia 1865 to present and gather information for future work that may ascertain the relationship between their decreased participation and changes in regional fish populations and the fishing industry.
On August 17, 2009, Cathay Sakas interviewed George Walker as part of the Georgia Black Fishermen oral history project. George was born in 1946 on Sapelo Island, Georgia—a small Gullah Geechee community founded on the fourth largest barrier island in the 1700s, 60 miles south of Savannah, in McIntosh County. George was an experienced shrimper during the 1960s, prior to working as a licensed captain aboard research vessels at the University of Georgia’s Marine Institute. As a shrimper, Mr. Walker remembers the decreasing shrimp prices and increasing fuel prices and regulations that forced him and others out of the industry. Before making his way up the ranks to a research vessel captain, he returned to his home on Sapelo Island, to work in the kitchen of the “institute”—University of Georgia’s Marine Institute. George recalls one extraordinary research trip with Milton “Sam” Gray in the 1960s, when they accidentally discovered a reef with a dredge 19 miles off the coast of Sapelo Island. Sam Gray was the director of the University of Georgia’s Marine Institute at the time and began cataloging invertebrates and hard-bottom reef specimens—archived at the National Museum of Natural History—until his passing in 1967. For many years George and others, who were the first to discover the reef, were sworn to secrecy on the location to prevent overfishing or exploitation. In 1981, the reef was designated as a National Marine Sanctuary and named in honor of Sam Gray. For decades, George was instrumental in the discovery and research conducted at Gray’s Reef and other research sites off the coast of Georgia, and he remained committed to environmental conservation.
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